Modification Mechanism of Spinel Inclusions in Medium Manganese Steel with Rare Earth Treatment

Modification of Oxygen and Sulphur Inclusions in Steel by Calcium Treatment

The non-metallic inclusions are inevitable consequence of metal elaboration processes and are foreign phases always present in solid and liquid metal. The inclusions have a different shape and a size from several to several hundred micrometers (in diameter). They are randomly distributed in the matrix of the base metal and form a dispersion phase in liquid and in solid metallic phase. The non–m...

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Interstitial modification of rare-earth intermetallics

Effects of Rare Earth Metals on Steel Microstructures

Rare earth metals are used in semiconductors, solar cells and catalysts. This review focuses on the background of oxide metallurgy technologies, the chemical and physical properties of rare earth (RE) metals, the background of oxide metallurgy, the functions of RE metals in steelmaking, and the influences of RE metals on steel microstructures. Future prospects for RE metal applications in steel...

Copper Manganese Spinel Coating on a Ferritic Stainless Steel for SOFC Application

Nowadays, Because of daily reduction of fossil fuels and environmental problems caused by using them, Fuel Cells attracted a major attention as clean and efficient way of generating electrical power. Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) have many advantages to other fuel cell types. High working temperature of SOFCs caused serious challenges including high oxidation rate of interconnects, Spallation ...